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London is the world's leading financial centre for international business and commerce and is one of the "command centres" for the global economy. According to Brookings Institution, London has the fifth largest metropolitan economy in the world, after Tokyo, New York City, Los Angeles and Seoul with an estimated GVA of £309.3 billion ($546.4 billion) in 2012, and a per capita GVA of £37,232 ($65,768).〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=ONS Regional GVA 2013 )〕 By way of comparison, London's economy is roughly the same size as that of Sweden or Iran.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=CIA World Factbook )〕 With an estimated 8,615,246 residents in 2015,〔http://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-2936015/London-bigger-Record-8-615million-people-live-capital-taking-pre-WWII-peak.html〕 London is the most populous region, urban zone and metropolitan area in the United Kingdom.〔According to the European Statistical Agency, London is the largest Larger Urban Zone which uses conurbations and areas of high population as its definition. A ranking of population within municipal boundaries places London first. However, the University of Avignon in France claims that Paris is first and London second when including the whole urban area and hinterland, that is the outlying cities as well〕 London generates approximately 22 per cent of the UK's GDP.〔 841,000 private sector businesses were based in London at the start of 2013, more than in any other region or country in the UK. 18 per cent are in the professional, scientific and technical activities sector while 15 per cent are in the construction sector. Many of these are small and medium-sized enterprises. Although London is home to numerous companies within the United Kingdom, statistics show how important it is to other nations. For example, the most recent data estimates that London exports approximately £92billion worth of products every year while its GDP is greater than the economy of Belgium.〔(【引用サイトリンク】publisher=One Heddon )〕 == Service industries == London shifted to a mostly service-based economy earlier than other European cities, particularly following the Second World War. A number of factors contribute to London's success as a service industry and business centre: * English being the native language and the dominant international language of business; * its position as the capital of the former British Empire;〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.bl.uk/learning/histcitizen/asians/empire/theempire.html )〕 * its location within the European Union, since the EU has a population and GDP larger than the US; * the special relationship between the United Kingdom and United States, and the United Kingdom's close relationships with many countries in Asia, Africa and the Middle East, particularly those in the Commonwealth of Nations; * its location in a central time zone that allows it to act as a bridge between US and Asian markets; * English contract law being the most important and most used contract law in international business; * relatively low taxes for corporations and non-domiciled foreign individuals;〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.kpmg.com/uk/en/issuesandinsights/articlespublications/pages/tax-competitiveness-survey-2013.aspx )〕 * a business friendly environment (e.g. in the City of London the local government is not elected by the resident population but instead by resident businesses – the City of London is a business democracy);〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.kpmg.com/uk/en/issuesandinsights/articlespublications/newsreleases/pages/uk-leads-the-way-for-business-cost-competitiveness-in-the-mature-markets.aspx )〕 * good transport infrastructure particularly its aviation industry;〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=https://www.london.gov.uk/priorities/transport )〕 * a high quality of life for the average resident. Currently, over 85% (3.2 million) of the employed population of greater London works in the service industries. Another half a million employees resident in Greater London work in manufacturing and construction, almost equally divided between both. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Economy of London」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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